Hallstatt Österreich

Hallstatt /ˈhalʃtat/, Upper Austria, is a village in the Salzkammergut, a region in Austria. It is located near the Hallstätter See (a lake). At the 2001 census, it had 946 inhabitants. Alexander Scheutz has been mayor of Hallstatt since 2009.

Hallstatt is known for its production of salt, dating back to prehistoric times, and gave its name to the Hallstatt culture, a culture often linked to Celtic, Proto-Celtic, and pre-Illyrian peoples in Early Iron Age Europe, c.800–450 BC. Some of the earliest archaeological evidence for the Celts was found in Hallstatt.

Geography
Situated in the south-western shore of the Hallstätter See, the town lies in the geographical region of Salzkammergut, on the national road linking Salzburg and Graz.

History
Overview
See also: Hallstatt Museum
Salt was a valuable resource, so the region was historically very wealthy. It is possible to tour the world's first known salt mine, located above downtown Hallstatt.

The village also gave its name to the early Iron Age Celtic Hallstatt culture and is a World Heritage Site for Cultural Heritage. Hallstatt is a popular tourist attraction owing to its small-town appeal and can be toured on foot in ten minutes

Iron Age
Main article: Hallstatt culture
In 1846, Johann Georg Ramsauer (1795–1874) discovered a large prehistoric cemetery near Hallstatt, which he excavated during the second half of the 19th century. Eventually the excavation would yield 1,045 burials, although no settlement has yet been found. This may be covered by the later village, which has long occupied the whole narrow strip between the steep hillsides and the lake. Some 1,300 burials have been found, including around 2,000 individuals, with women and children but few infants. Nor is there a "princely" burial, as often found near large settlements. Instead, there are a large number of burials varying considerably in the number and richness of the grave goods, but with a high proportion containing goods suggesting a life well above subsistence level.

The community at Hallstatt exploited the salt mines in the area, which had been worked from time to time since the Neolithic period, from the 8th to 5th centuries BC. The style and decoration of the grave goods found in the cemetery are very distinctive, and artifacts made in this style are widespread in Europe. In the mine workings themselves, the salt has preserved many organic materials such as textiles, wood and leather, and many abandoned artefacts such as shoes, pieces of cloth, and tools including miner's backpacks, have survived in good condition.

Finds at Hallstatt extend from about 1200 BC until around 500 BC, and are divided by archaeologists into four phases

Hallstatt A-B are part of the Bronze Age Urnfield culture. Phase A saw Villanovan influence. In this period, people were cremated and buried in simple graves. In phase B, tumulus (barrow or kurgan) burial becomes common, and cremation predominates. Little is known about this period in which the typical Celtic elements have not yet distinguished themselves from the earlier Villanova-culture. The "Hallstatt period" proper is restricted to HaC and HaD (8th to 5th centuries BC), corresponding to the early European Iron Age. Hallstatt lies in the area where the western and eastern zones of the Hallstatt culture meet, which is reflected in the finds from there. Hallstatt D is succeeded by the La Tène culture.

Hallstatt C is characterized by the first appearance of iron swords mixed amongst the bronze ones. Inhumation and cremation co-occur. For the final phase, Hallstatt D, daggers, almost to the exclusion of swords, are found in western zone graves ranging from c. 600–500 BC. There are also differences in the pottery and brooches. Burials were mostly inhumations. Halstatt D has been further divided into the sub-phases D1-D3, relating only to the western zone, and mainly based on the form of brooches.

Major activity at the site appears to have finished about 500 BC, for reasons that are unclear. Many Hallstatt graves were robbed, probably at this time. There was widespread disruption throughout the western Hallstatt zone, and the salt workings had by then become very deep. By then the focus of salt mining had shifted to the nearby Hallein Salt Mine, with graves at Dürrnberg nearby where there are significant finds from the late Hallstatt and early La Tène periods.

Much of the material from early excavations was dispersed, and is now found in many collections, especially German and Austrian museums, but the Hallstatt Museum in the town has the largest collection.

Romans onwards
There are to date no recorded notable events that took place in Hallstatt during Roman rule or the early Middle Ages. In 1311, Hallstatt became a market town, a sign that it had not lost its economic value. Today, apart from salt production, which since 1595 is transported for 40 kilometres from Hallstatt to Ebensee via a brine pipeline, tourism plays a major factor in the town's economic life. Tourists are told that Hallstatt is the site of "the world's oldest pipeline", which was constructed 400 years ago from 13,000 hollowed out trees. There is so little place for cemeteries that every ten years bones used to be exhumed and removed into an ossuary, to make room for new burials.[10] A collection of elaborately decorated skulls with the deceased's name, profession, date of death inscribed on them is on display at the local chapel.

9th century
Until the late 19th century, it was only possible to reach Hallstatt by boat or via narrow trails. The land between the lake and mountains was sparse, and the town itself exhausted every free patch of it. Access between houses on the river bank was by boat or over the upper path, a small corridor passing through attics. The first road to Hallstatt was only built in 1890, along the west shore, partially by rock blasting.
However this secluded and inhospitable landscape nevertheless counts as one of the first places of human settlement because of the rich sources of natural salt, which have been mined for thousands of years, originally in the shape of hearts owing to the use of an antler pick. Some of Hallstatt's oldest archaeological finds, such as a shoe-last celt, date back to around 5500 BC. In 1846 Johann Georg Ramsauer discovered a large prehistoric cemetery close by the current location of Hallstatt. Ramsauer's work at the Hallstatt cemeteries continued until 1863, unearthing more than 1000 burials. It is to his credit and to the enormous benefit of archaeology that he proceeded to excavate each one with the same slow, methodical care as the first.

His methods included measuring and drawing each find, in an age before color photography, he produced very detailed watercolors of each assemblage before it was removed from the ground. In the history of archaeology Ramsauer's work at Hallstatt helped usher in a new, more systematic way of doing archaeology. In addition, one of the first blacksmith sites was excavated there. Active trade and thus wealth allowed for the development of a highly developed culture, which, after findings in the Salzberghochtal, was named the Hallstatt culture. This lasted from approximately 800 to 500 BC.

Schönau am Königssee part.2

Schönau am Königsee is a municipality in the district of Berchtesgadener Land in the German state of Bavaria. It is located at the northern end of the Königssee lake.

Schönau is surrounded by the Berchtesgaden Alps; it is the southeasternmost German municipality, bordering on the Austrian state of Salzburg at the Hoher Göll massif and the Steinernes Meer range. The present-day commune was formed in 1978 by the merger of the former Schönau and Königssee municipalities. Since 1984 the municipal area also comprises the formerly unincorporated Königssee lake, the famous St. Bartholomew's Church and the surrounding mountains from the east face of the Watzmann peak up to the Austrian border in the south, including the eastern part of Berchtesgaden National Park. From the lake, the Königsseer Ache creek runs down to Berchtesgaden.

Due to its picturesque setting Schönau largely depends on tourism. It is home to a bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track that is the oldest permanent track in the world, having been constructed in 1968. Passenger services along the lake from Schönau are operated by the Bayerische Seenschifffahrt company using electric boats.

History
chönau was first mentioned in a 1456 deed, then one of the eight historic localities (Gnotschaften) of the Berchtesgaden Provostry. After the secularisation of the Prince-Provostry, Schönau finally fell to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1810.

Notable people

• Anton Adner (1705?–1822), peddler and supercentenarian
• Magda Schneider (1909–1996), actress, lived and died in Schönau; her daughter Romy Schneider (1938–1982) was raised here
• Georg Leber (1920–2012), politician, lived and died in Schönau
• Hilde Gerg (born 1975), alpine skier, lives in Schönau
• Felix Loch (born 1989), 2010 & 2014 Olympic luge gold medalist, lives in Schönau

Schoenau am Koenigssee is part of the administrative district of Upper Bavaria in Bavaria and is part of the high alpine region in the southern district Berchtesgadener Land. Together with the neighboring communities Berchtesgaden, Bischofswiesen, Marktschellenberg and Ramsau near Berchtesgaden is Schoenau am Koenigssee within the geomorphological unit Berchtesgaden valley and is almost completely surrounded by the Berchtesgaden Alps, whose mountain ranges in turn extend into the Austrian province of Salzburg in the east, south and southwest.

Schoenau am Koenigssee is the south easternmost community in Germany, which is bounded on the west by the valley of Ramsau and in the north by the market Berchtesgaden. In the east and south, the massifs of the High Göll, Hagengebirge and stony sea form the common border with neighboring Salzburger Land.
From the northern banks of Lake Königssee regulated by a weir Königsseer Ache Berchtesgaden drains. In Berchtesgaden unites them in front of the main train station with the Berchtesgaden Ramsauer Ache and is from here Berchtesgadener Ache.

Constituent communities
Municipalities Schonau and Königsee in 1978 in the context of local government reform merged in Bavaria to the municipality "Schonau am Konigssee". The community consists of a total of seven districts, namely six Gnotschaften and the wilderness of St. Bartholomew.
The cultivated only in summer huts as Saletalm on the southern shore of Lake Königssee and Fischunkelalm am Obersee not count as districts, nor is the deer feeding (former hunting stand) In Reitl opposite St. Bartholomew's and the boat dock boiler on the eastern shore of Lake Königssee.

Neighbouring communities
The neighboring municipalities on the German side include as Schoenau am Koenigssee itself to Berchtesgadener Land. In the northeast to approximately 400 meters, the unincorporated area Eck and Berchtesgaden, in the northwest and the west Bischofswiesen Ramsau bei Berchtesgaden. From the southwest to the east comes the community of the German-Austrian state border with the underlying Austrian municipalities Saalfelden (southwest) and Maria Alm (South) in the district of Zell am See, Throwing (southeast) in the judicial district Sankt Johann and Golling (East) in district Hallein.

story
Gnotschaft the monastery pin Berchtesgaden
In the first control point of the Berchtesgadener Land 1456 Schönau is listed as one of its eight "Urgnotschaften" with eight "Gnotschaftsbezirken" and their supervising them "Gnotschaftern". As Gnotschaft Schonau had until the secularization in 1803 and is likely to have stock as the other already developed the late 14th century in the course of 1377 issued "Country Briefs" by Provost Ulrich Wulp.

Secularization, connection to Bavaria
1803 Berchtesgaden Provostry was disbanded and the Berchtesgadener Land lost its political independence. After three quick succession following rule changes in 1810 the territory and its towns were the Kingdom of Bavaria and Schönau affiliated divided into two independent political communities and Koenigssee Schoenau.
→ Refer to this paragraph and the following sections: history and religion / church history in Berchtesgaden Provostry

From 1909 to 1965, the congregation was joined by the Königsseebahn to the railway network. All four stations of the route were in the municipality. The starting point was the Königsseer station on the former pasture square opposite the central railway station Berchtesgaden.

time of the nationalsocialism
The body responsible for municipalities and Schonau Konigssee Berchtesgaden district office in 1939 renamed district Berchtesgaden with the same remit.

1944, the valuable art objects and paintings were brought in from the Unterschönau on Unterstein station parked Göringzug into the house Hubertus, the Ludwig Ganghofer was the inspiration for his novel Schloss Hubertus.

postwar
On 1 July 1972, the municipalities and Koenigssee Schoenau have been the new and expanded district Bad Reichenhall attached, which was renamed again on May 1, 1973 in the district of Berchtesgaden.

On May 1, 1978 at the course of municipal reform in Bavaria merging the municipalities Schonau (west of Königsseer Ache) and Königssee (east of Königsseer Ache including the separate district Forst St. Bartholomew) to unified community "Schonau am Konigssee".

On 1 January 1984, the large unincorporated areas forestry and forestry Königssee St. Bartholomew were incorporated in the south, consisting of the lake with surrounding territories to the Austrian border (a smaller part of forest Koenigssee was incorporated to Berchtesgaden).

Geographically-sociocultural Assignments
Schonau am Konigssee lies within the area enclosed by the mountain range of Berchtesgaden Alps geomorphological unit Berchtesgaden valley in which the almost congruent historical boundaries of Prince Provost union heartland of the cultural landscape has emerged Berchtesgaden. This cultural landscape borders today soziokulturell among others from the neighboring Chiemgau and within the same district Berchtesgadener Land from the former ducal Bavaria Bad Reichenhall and from the Archbishopric of Salzburg once belonging Rupertiwinkel from. Thus went and go for Schoenau am Koenigssee competent local government associations and local authorities such as the former district of Berchtesgaden and the present district of Berchtesgaden area as well as the associated communities by far beyond the sociocultural notion unit Berchtesgaden addition.

Based on the cultural landscape Berchtesgaden counts in the municipality include the Christmas Protect Society Upper Herzogenberg and Königsseer Christmas shooting club of the founding members of the established in 1925 United Christmas shooters of Berchtesgaden.

mayor
First Mayor of the municipality of Schoenau am Koenigssee is Hannes Rasp (CSU).

constituencies
Schoenau am Koenigssee is part of the federal election district Traunstein and the voting district Berchtesgadener Land for parliamentary and district elections Tags.

Wappe
Blazon: In blue over silver bowed wave beams on a gold bar silver chapel of St. Bartholomew with red crests, above right a set with a golden carving slanting golden heraldic lily, left a set with a golden maple leaf diagonally left heraldic lily.

The wave beam (Koenigssee) and the chapel of St. Bartholomew refer to the geographical position of the municipality. The so-called "Sulzbacher Lilies" in the corners are the emblem of the Berchtesgaden Provostry taken, which the municipality belonged until 1803rd The counts of Sulzbach was the founder sex or the founder of the provost Berchtesgaden. The right lily with a carving refers to the woodworking within the community, the left Lily with maple leaf on the nature reserve (National Park) Koenigssee.

Crests lead to Schoenau am Koenigssee member municipalities since 1983 on the legal basis of a decision of the municipal council August 16, 1983 with the consent of the Government of Upper Bavaria.

This decision also applies to the new flag with two stripes in the color sequence yellow and blue, to be performed with applied crest.

The king is a long mountain lake, lies at the eastern foot of the Watzmann and is mainly fed by the coming from the southeast, Obersee Saletbach. Since the Koenigssee is nestled between steep mountain slopes, he is described as a fjord-like; he applies the water quality by also one of the cleanest lakes in Germany. Most of the lake is located in the Berchtesgaden National Park.

Visual arts
After Ramsau bei Berchtesgaden (2012, 2014) and Berchtesgaden (2013) took place from 18 to 21 June 2015, the "IV. Open ExTempore instead for pictorial art in the Berchtesgaden area "in Schoenau am Koenigssee. With a stake of more than 90 adults from five nations and numerous children and adolescents in the region, the resulting spot Extempore works were subsequently exhibited in the municipal and Kurverwaltung Schonau am Konigssee and also awarded there.

Evangelical Lutheran
The Hubertus chapel was consecrated in 1761 and 1797 as a Roman Catholic church in 1860 but sold to a private citizen, who used it for other purposes. Since 1957 it serves as a place of worship of the Evangelical Lutheran congregation Berchtesgaden, which has entered the building in 2010 finally purchased and let then be restored.

Roman Catholic
The pilgrimage chapel of St. Bartholomew on the western shore of Lake Königssee on the Hirschau peninsula is the destination for thousands of tourists as a symbol of the region. You still comes in some parts from the 12th century and is decorated in the Baroque style in the 17th century.

The church of St. John and Paul (aka Ice Chapel) is located about 1 km west of the pilgrimage church of St. Bartholomew, built, according to the annual figures on the lintel and the altar table 1617-1620 through donations from pilgrims. So reads the inscription on the base of the altarpiece. "To praise and honor God the Alllmechtigen, his gebenedeyten mothers of Jungfrauwen Mary, and the Holy Martyrs Paul and John, this is Capelln and altar of the worshipers Wall Fahrter Abundant Ersambliten Alllmuesen been builded in the year after Christy G: 1620. "

Our Lady of Sorrows is the parish church of the Roman Catholic parish Unterstein / Schoenau am Koenigssee. Your foundation stone was laid on 21 August 1932 in the presence of Auxiliary Bishop John Schauer, the consecration probably on March 26, 1933 Cardinal Michael von Faulhaber. From broken Graf-Arco-church members for the new building and for financial, but also for reasons of piety were taken over the entire (old) interior.

The mountain sacrificial memorial chapel St. Bernhard was inaugurated on 11 September 1999 to Kühroint.


Other chapels of the Roman Catholic parish Unterstein / Schoenau am Koenigssee are:

• Brandner Chapel (Jennerbahn street in Koenigssee)
• Widlbrand Chapel (Richard-Voss-Strasse in Koenigssee, built in 1928 by Georg Lenz, renovated in 1992 by Josef Lenz)
• Trench Chapel (Chapel in Schonau, Feldkapelle, with ridge turret, 18th century, with amenities; belonging to the grave fiefs, included as a monument in the Bavarian monument list.)
• Subspecies Reitlehen Chapel (also: Zulehen Chapel, Artenreitweg in Schönau, built in 1972)
• Grutschen Chapel (Holzlobstraße in Koenigssee, Grutschen Chapel, with a hipped roof, 18th century .; with equipment, taken as a historic landmark in the Bavarian monument list)
• Spinner fief Chapel (Spinnerwinklweg 8, Hofkapelle an agricultural estate, hipped roof, probably 18th century .; with equipment; old Klaubstein-field walls, taken as a historic landmark in the Bavarian monument list)
• Vorderbrand Chapel (The Chapel "at the front fire" is one of the most famous chapels of the parish. Equipped with figure of Mary, donated on May 10, 1884 by "mountain friends and admirers of the Madonna")

Sport and sports clubs

The WSV Königssee, founded in December 1951 is a sports club with sections for Winter Luge, Skeleton, Bobsleigh, Curling, snowboarding and alpine skiing. Currently (November 2007), the association has more than 950 members, including more than 320 children and young people. The WSV is one of the most successful winter sports clubs in the world. From its ranks emerged Olympic champion, world champion, European champion, World Cup winner and German champions. The association has already organized several major events (10 world, European and 8 almost 50 other events such as German Championships and World Cup races).

The SG Schönau (Sportgemeinschaft Schönau), founded in 1955, is a sports club with the departments of football, curling, gymnastics, volleyball, table tennis and athletics. The "Post Sports Community Berchtesgaden" was founded in 1960 with the departments of football, Alpine curling and bowling and joined in 1961 as an independent branch of the club SG Schönau. 1968 it was renamed "Postsportverein-Berchtesgaden", the still advanced by the departments Athletics, Recreational Sports, tennis, cross-country skiing, triathlon and mountain sports.

Economy and Infrastructure

tourism

Schönau is a tourist town with about 8,000 beds in 20 hotels, 16 guest houses, 118 Pensions and 578 private houses. The community is represented with a seat and vote in the Zweckverband tourist region Berchtesgaden-Königssee.

Public facilities

The Gnotschaft Oberschönau is the seat of local government and the Catholic parish.

In the district Unterschönau is the world's first artificial ice rink for luge, bobsleigh and skeleton, see Combined skating rink at Koenigssee.

In the municipality is the station Berchtesgaden Deutsche Funkturm GmbH, which is used by Bayerischer Rundfunk. The coverage area is the market Berchtesgaden, the surrounding area of ​​Schonau and the northern Koenigssee. On the transmitter mast, the two monitor receiver of Galileo test and development environment are also attached.

The open space on the drift space on the municipal boundary to Berchtesgaden opposite Central Station Berchtesgaden has been used for many years as a fairground as well as flea markets and marquees. 2009, there was a regional impact assessment procedure, parts of the drift space by the municipality of Schoenau a.Königssee in an inter-municipal project together with the market Berchtesgaden as a "special area (retail) and industrial park" expel the now followed by the construction and the establishment of several shops on the drift space.